تاریخ انتشار : دوشنبه 18 مرداد 1400 - 14:17
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روش پژوهشگران انگلیسی برای مهار شایع‌ترین بیماری نورون‌های حرکتی

روش پژوهشگران انگلیسی برای مهار شایع‌ترین بیماری نورون‌های حرکتی

پژوهشگران انگلیسی در بررسی جدید خود، روشی را برای معکوس کردن بیماری “اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک” ارائه داده‌اند.  به نقل از نوروساینس‌نیوز، “اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک”(ALS) که معمولا با نام “بیماری نورون‌ حرکتی”(motor neuron disease) شناخته می‌شود، یک بیماری کشنده است که سلول‌های عصبی مغز و نخاع را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد و به از دست رفتن

روش پژوهشگران انگلیسی برای مهار شایع‌ترین بیماری نورون‌های حرکتی

پژوهشگران انگلیسی در بررسی جدید خود، روشی را برای معکوس کردن بیماری “اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک” ارائه داده‌اند.

 به نقل از نوروساینس‌نیوز، “اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک”(ALS) که معمولا با نام “بیماری نورون‌ حرکتی”(motor neuron disease) شناخته می‌شود، یک بیماری کشنده است که سلول‌های عصبی مغز و نخاع را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد و به از دست رفتن کنترل عضلات منجر می‌شود. افراد مبتلا به این بیماری، به مرور زمان فلج می‌شوند و توانایی صحبت کردن، غذا خوردن و تنفس را از دست می‌دهند.
یک اتفاق متداول در ۹۷ درصد موارد اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک، تجمع پروتئین‌هایی است که در تنظیم کردن آران‌ای نقش دارند و “پروتئین‌های اتصال‌دهنده آران‌ای”(RBPs) نامیده می‌شوند.
پژوهشگران “مؤسسه فرانسیس کریک”(Francis Crick Institute) انگلستان در این پروژه، از نورون‌های حرکتی پرورش یافته در آزمایشگاه استفاده کردند که از سلول‌های پوست اهدا شده توسط بیماران مبتلا به اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک به دست آمده بودند. آنها نشان دادند که می‌توان محل نادرست سه پروتئین اتصال‌دهنده آران‌ای را معکوس کرد. بیمارانی که سلول اهدا کرده بودند، جهش‌هایی در آنزیمی موسوم به “VCP” داشتند. این جهش، تنها در بخش کوچکی از موارد ابتلا به اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک وجود دارد.
پژوهشگران دریافتند که موقعیت غیرطبیعی این پروتئین‌ها می‌تواند عامل جهش آنزیم VCP باشد و فعالیت آن را افزایش دهد. نکته مهم این است که وقتی پژوهشگران، فعالیت آنزیم VCP را در سلول‌های بیمار متوقف کردند، توزیع پروتئین‌ها میان هسته و سیتوپلاسم به سطح طبیعی بازگشت. مهارکننده‌ای که آنها به کار بردند، مشابه دارویی است که در حال حاضر در فاز دوم آزمایشات سرطان به کار می‌رود و فعالیت VCP را متوقف می‌کند.
“جزمین هارلی”(Jasmine Harley)، از پژوهشگران این پروژه گفت: نشان دادن شواهد برای اثبات این مفهوم که چگونه یک ماده شیمیایی می‌تواند یکی از نشانه‌های اصلی اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک را معکوس کند، بسیار هیجان انگیز است. ما این موضوع را با کار کردن روی سه پروتئین اصلی اتصال‌دهنده آران‌ای نشان دادیم که بسیار مهم است زیرا می‌تواند روی سایر فنوتیپ‌های بیماری نیز کار کند.
وی افزود: پژوهش‌های بیشتری برای بررسی این موضوع مورد نیاز است. ما باید ببینیم که آیا این موضوع می تواند سایر نشانه‌های آسیب‌شناسی اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک را در دیگر مدل‌های این بیماری معکوس کند یا خیر.
تلاش برای درک مکانیسم‌های بیماری اسکلروز جانبی آمیوتروفیک ادامه دارد.
این پژوهش، در مجله “Brain Communications” به چاپ رسید.
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