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چیلر جذبی چیست و چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟

چیلر جذبی چیست و چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟

  در دنیای امروز، سیستم‌های تهویه مطبوع نقش اساسی در تامین آسایش و سلامتی انسان‌ها ایفا می‌کنند. چیلرها به‌عنوان قلب این سیستم‌ها، وظیفه‌ی خنک‌سازی فضاهای مختلف را بر عهده دارند. در میان انواع مختلف چیلرها، چیلر جذبی به‌دلیل مزایای منحصر به فرد خود، جایگاه ویژه‌ای یافته است. در این فرصت، به بررسی جامع انواع چیلرهای

 

در دنیای امروز، سیستم‌های تهویه مطبوع نقش اساسی در تامین آسایش و سلامتی انسان‌ها ایفا می‌کنند. چیلرها به‌عنوان قلب این سیستم‌ها، وظیفه‌ی خنک‌سازی فضاهای مختلف را بر عهده دارند. در میان انواع مختلف چیلرها، چیلر جذبی به‌دلیل مزایای منحصر به فرد خود، جایگاه ویژه‌ای یافته است. در این فرصت، به بررسی جامع انواع چیلرهای جذبی می‌پردازیم. از واکاوی تاریخچه، نحوه عملکرد آن گرفته تا مزایا و معایب، کاربردها و انواع مختلف آن، تلاش می‌کنیم تا اطلاعات کاملی در اختیار شما قرار دهیم.

چیلر جذبی

 

چیلر جذبی چیست؟

داستان اختراع چیلر جذبی به اواسط قرن نوزدهم باز می‌گردد. در آن زمان، مخترع آمریکایی، الیور ایوانز، برای اولین بار از این سیستم برای خنک‌سازی کارخانه‌ی نساجی خود استفاده کرد. با گذشت زمان، ایده اولیه ایوانز توسط مهندسان و دانشمندان مختلف تکمیل و توسعه یافت و چیلر جذبی به‌عنوان یک فناوری نوین در صنعت تهویه مطبوع مطرح شد.

به‌طور کلی، چیلر جذبی، نوعی سیستم تهویه مطبوع است که از چرخه تبرید جذبی برای تولید سرما استفاده می‌کند. این سیستم‌ها به‌جای استفاده از برق برای خنک‌سازی، از منابع انرژی حرارتی مانند بخار مازاد کارخانه‌ها، گرمای خورشیدی و گرمای زمین بهره می‌برد. به‌طور کلی این تجهیز از چهار بخش اصلی تشکیل شده است.

  • اواپراتور: جایی که گرمای محیط توسط مبرد جذب می‌شود.
  • ژنراتور: مایع جاذب (معمولا لیتیوم بروماید) در این بخش با بخار مبرد (آب یا آمونیاک) مخلوط و گرما آزاد می‌شود.
  • کندانسور: بخار مبرد در این بخش توسط آب خنک شده و به مایع تبدیل می‌گردد.
  • اواپراتور: مایع مبرد سرد شده به اواپراتور باز می‌گردد و این چرخه تکرار می‌شود.

 

نحوه عملکرد چیلر جذبی

چیلر جذبی بر خلاف چیلرهای تراکمی که از برق برای خنک‌سازی استفاده می‌کنند، از چرخه تبرید جذبی برای تولید سرما بهره می‌برد. در این چرخه، از دو سیال به نام مبرد و جاذب استفاده می‌شود. در چیلرهای جذبی، آب مقطر به‌عنوان مبرد عمل می‌کند. این مبرد توسط نازل‌هایی بر روی لوله‌های حاوی آب چیلد (آبی که باید خنک شود) اسپری می‌شود.

به‌دلیل وجود خلاء در اواپراتور، آب مقطر اسپری شده به سرعت تبخیر و گرمای محیط اطراف خود را جذب می‌کند. این گرما عمدتا از آب چیلد جاری در لوله‌ها گرفته و باعث کاهش دمای آن می‌شود. فشار اواپراتور در چیلرهای جذبی پایین و در حالت خلاء است. دلیل این امر وجود ماده‌ای به نام لیتیوم بروماید در قسمت جذب کننده چیلر می‌باشد. لیتیوم بروماید به‌عنوان جاذب عمل کرده و بخار آب حاصل از تبخیر مبرد را به خود جذب می‌نماید. با جذب بخار آب، فشار بخار در اواپراتور کاهش می‌یابد و در نتیجه خلاء ایجاد می‌شود. لیتیوم بروماید نقش کلیدی در فرایند خنک سازی در چیلر جذبی را ایفا می‌کند. این ماده با جذب بخار آب، به تبخیر سریع‌تر مبرد و خنک شدن بیشتر آب چیلد کمک خواهد کرد.

 

انواع چیلرهای جذبی

به‌طور کلی چیلر جذبی به دو نوع متفاوت تک اثره و دو اثره تقسیم می‌شود.

 

چیلر جذبی تک اثره

چیلر جذبی تک اثره، قدیمی‌ترین و اولین نسل چیلرهای جذبی در جهان است و در مقایسه با سایر انواع چیلرهای جذبی، کمترین بازدهی را دارد. حتی با بهترین طراحی ها، ضریب عملکرد چیلر جذبی تک اثره در میان تمام مدل های این نوع چیلر، از ۷۵ درصد فراتر نمی‌رود. در مقابل، چیلر جذبی دو اثره با ضریب عملکرد ۱/۲، مصرف انرژی کمتری دارد و در نتیجه هزینه‌های راهبری آن نیز ارزان‌تر است. تفاوت اصلی چیلرهای جذبی تک اثره با سایر مدل‌ها در فرایند تغلیظ ابزوربر می‌باشد که در این نوع چیلرها، در یک مرحله انجام می‌شود.

 

چیلر جذبی دو اثره

چیلر جذبی دو اثره، نسل پیشرفته تر چیلرهای جذبی تک اثره است و به‌دلیل بازدهی تقریبا دو برابر آن، امروزه بیش از ۹۵ درصد چیلرهای جذبی نصب شده در دنیا را تشکیل می‌دهد. ابداع و بکارگیری چیلرهای جذبی گازسوز برای اولین بار در ژاپن انجام شد. در این نوع چیلرها، گرمای حاصل از احتراق گاز یا سوخت مایع، محلول لیتیوم بروماید را گرم کرده و آن را تغلیظ می‌کند.

چیلر جذبی دو اثره از سیکل تبرید کامل‌تری نسبت به چیلرهای جذبی تک اثره برخوردار است. محلول لیتیوم بروماید رقیق به سمت دو ژنراتور با دمای بالا و پایین پمپ می‌شود. در ژنراتور اولیه که با دمای بالاتری کار می‌کند، بخار آب از محلول جدا شده و به اواپراتور منتقل می‌گردد. در اواپراتور، بخار آب تبخیر شده و گرمای محیط را جذب می‌کند و باعث خنک شدن آن می‌شود. بخار آب تبخیر شده در ژنراتور ثانویه، محلول رقیق را گرم می‌کند. در نهایت، محلول تغلیظ شده از ژنراتور ثانویه به ابزوربر منتقل می‌شود تا بخار آب باقیمانده را جذب کند.

 

مزایای چیلر جذبی دو اثره

چیلر جذبی دو اثره در مقایسه با چیلرهای جذبی تک اثره، مزایای قابل توجهی دارد که در ادامه به برخی از آن‌ها اشاره می‌کنیم.

  • راندمان بالاتر: مهمترین مزیت چیلرهای جذبی دو اثره، راندمان بالاتر آن‌ها است. این چیلرها با استفاده از یک سیکل دو مرحله‌ای، می‌توانند از گرما به‌طور موثرتری استفاده کنند و ضریب عملکرد (COP) آن‌ها به‌طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از چیلرهای تک اثره می‌باشد. به‌طور کلی، COP چیلر جذبی تک اثره بین ۰.۶ تا ۰.۸ است، در حالی که این مقدار برای چیلر دو اثره بین ۱ تا ۱.۳ محاسبه می‌شود.
  • مصرف انرژی کمتر: به‌دلیل راندمان بالاتر، چیلر جذبی دو اثره مصرف انرژی کمتری دارد. این موضوع می‌تواند منجر به کاهش هزینه‌های عملیاتی و اثرگذاری مثبت بر محیط زیست شود.
  • تنوع در انتخاب منبع انرژی: چیلر جذبی دو اثره می‌تواند از منابع مختلف انرژی گرمایی مانند بخار، آب گرم و شعله مستقیم برای کارکرد خود استفاده کند. این انعطاف‌پذیری، آن را به گزینه‌ای مناسب برای کاربردهای مختلف تبدیل کرده است.
  • صدای کم: چیلرهای جذبی دو اثره به‌دلیل نداشتن قطعات متحرک مانند کمپرسور، صدای کمی تولید می‌کنند. این موضوع آن‌ها را برای استفاده در محیط‌های حساس به صدا مانند بیمارستان‌ها و هتل‌ها مناسب می‌سازد.
  • پایداری بیشتر: چیلر جذبی دو اثره از قطعات ساده و بادوام ساخته شده و نیاز به تعمیر و نگهداری کمتری دارد. این موضوع طول عمر آن را افزایش و هزینه‌های نگهداری را کاهش می‌دهد.
  • سازگاری با محیط زیست: چیلرهای جذبی دو اثره از مواد سازگار با محیط زیست ساخته شده‌اند و آلاینده‌های کمی تولید می‌کنند. همچنین، این چیلرها می‌توانند از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر مانند انرژی خورشیدی و گرمای زمین استفاده کنند.

 

خرید چیلر جذبی

در دنیای امروز که کارایی و پایداری حرف اول را می‌زنند، صنایع مختلف به‌دنبال راه‌حل‌هایی برای کاهش مصرف انرژی و حفاظت از محیط زیست هستند. تسلا تجهیز به‌عنوان یک پلتفرم اینترنتی فروش تجهیزات صنعتی، با ارائه خدمات تخصصی و پشتیبانی کامل، در کنارتان خواهد بود تا بهترین راه‌حل را برای نیازهای خنکای صنعت ارائه دهد. برای کسب اطلاعات بیشتر و مشاوره رایگان کافیست با ما با شماره ۲۸۴۲۳۳۶۹ تماس گرفته یا به سایت تسلا تجهیز مراجعه و با کارشناسان در تماس باشید.

 

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