تاریخ انتشار : جمعه 28 آبان 1400 - 22:49
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کد خبر : 105252

آیا نام سریال «پایتخت» اِشکال دارد؟

آیا نام سریال «پایتخت» اِشکال دارد؟

این نوشته نه پاسخ که متنی است به بهانۀ پرسش مدیر روزنامه جمهوری اسلامی که «بعد از سرنگونی رژیم شاهی و استقرار نظام جمهوری اسلامی مگر باز هم در ایران، تختِ شاهی داریم که نام این مجموعه را “پایتخت” گذاشته‌اند؟» به گزارش ایسنا، مهرداد خدیر در عصر ایران نوشت: «تیتر خبر «انتقاد مدیر مسئول روزنامۀ جمهوری اسلامی»

آیا نام سریال «پایتخت» اِشکال دارد؟

این نوشته نه پاسخ که متنی است به بهانۀ پرسش مدیر روزنامه جمهوری اسلامی که «بعد از سرنگونی رژیم شاهی و استقرار نظام جمهوری اسلامی مگر باز هم در ایران، تختِ شاهی داریم که نام این مجموعه را “پایتخت” گذاشته‌اند؟»

به گزارش ایسنا، مهرداد خدیر در عصر ایران نوشت: «تیتر خبر «انتقاد مدیر مسئول روزنامۀ جمهوری اسلامی» از نام «سریال پایتخت» را که دیدم، پنداشتم به این خاطر خُرده گرفته‌اند که داستان آن دیگر مانند فصل اول (نوروز ۱۳۹۰‌) نیست که چون جمعی از اهالی شیرگاه یا علی‌آباد مازندران به تهران سفر کرده و گرفتار مسایل و مصایبی شده بودند، نام آن «پایتخت» بود و در فصل‌های بعد ماجراهای دیگر پیش آمده که ربطی به پایتخت و پایتخت‌نشینی ندارد. اما نوشتۀ آقای مسیح مهاجری را که خواندم، دیدم به کارگیری خود کلمه «پایتخت» را ۴۱ سال پس از سقوط پادشاهی نادرست می‌داند.

البته همین که روزنامۀ جمهوری اسلامی در این روزهای تعطیل منتشر می‌شود و سرمقاله دارد قابل ستایش است. چون روزنامه‌های چاپی در روزگار رسانه‌های برخط هم اسناد مکتوب و ماندگار تاریخ معاصرند و هر روزنامه هویت خود را دارد.

ایشان نوشته است: «هنوز جوابی برای این سؤال یافت نشده که بعد از سرنگونی رژیم شاهی و استقرار نظام جمهوری اسلامی مگر باز هم در ایران، تختِ شاهی داریم که نام این مجموعه را “پایتخت” گذاشته‌اند؟»

آری، واژۀ «پایتخت» در واقع «پای‌تخت» است و منظور از تخت، هم طبعا تختِ سلطنت. از این رو به مرکز قدرت سیاسی که از سلطنت و تخت او به مثابه قدرت ناشی می‌شود، پای‌تخت گفته می‌شده است. اصطلاحاً نیز می گفتند فلان فرد در فلان تاریخ «به تخت نشست» یا «از تخت افتاد». پس در این که تخت، نماد سلطنت بوده تردیدی نیست.

مشهورترین مثال‌ها هم تخت‌ جمشید و تخت‌ طاووس و از این رو نام این دو خیابان بعد از انقلاب به «طالقانی» و «مطهری» تغییر کرد و نیز نام «جام تخت جمشید» و عجیب این که اوایل انقلاب آدمی رییس سازمان ورزش شده بود که با کلمۀ «جام» هم مشکل داشت. (مصطفی داوودی) و چندی نمی‌گفتند جام و می‌گفتند بزرگداشت!

البته «پایتخت» اصطلاحی کهن نیست. کمااین‌که پیش‌تر در ایران، از کلماتی چون «دارالخلافه» و «دارالسلطنه» و در عثمانی هم از واژۀ «آستانه» استفاده می‌شده است. «آستانه» در واقع همان استانبول بوده که خلیفه در آن بر تخت می‌نشسته و هنوز در آسیای میانه رایج است.

پیش از پیروزی انقلاب، «غلامرضا نیک‌پی» شهردار تهران گزارش عملکرد شهرداری با عنوان «نامه به همشهری» را به صورت«شهردار پایتخت» امضا می‌کرد. خود «شهرداری» هم کلمۀ جدیدی بود به جای بلدیه و احتسابیه. اگر پایتخت ربطی به شاه و شاهی نداشت، اولین شهردار تهران، بعد از پیروزی انقلاب (محمد توسلی، دبیر‌ کل کنونی نهضت آزادی) از همان عنوان استفاده می‌کرد و نمی‌گفت: شهردار تهران.

با این حال باید در نظر داشت، تخت، الزاما نماد سلطنت نیست و منظور «قدرت سیاسی» است و تسامحاً می‌توان گفت در جمهوری هم تخت هست منتها نشسته بر تخت با رأی مردم انتخاب می‌شود و دوره‌ای و قابل جابه‌جایی است نه این که یک نفر و به صرف ارث بردن بر تخت بنشیند و دیگری به ارث ببرد. یا اصطلاح «پاتختی» که به مراسم زنانۀ فردای عروسی گفته می‌شود به تخت سلطنت اطلاق نمی‌شود. هر چند در این فقره گویا خود تخت مد نظر است!

باری، با سقوط رژیم شاهنشاهی شماری از کلمات بلاتکلیف شدند و در این میان پایتخت، تنها نبود. تکلیف کلماتی چون «شاه» و « تاج» هم روشن نبود. در حالی که مردم تنها به سلطان نمی‌گفتند شاه و مثلا هنوز می‌گوییم شاه عبدالعظیم یا شاهچراغ. با این حال مقرر شد به جای «شاه داماد» گفته شود «آقا داماد» و بعدتر باذوقی پیدا شد و گفت: ماه داماد! تاج، هم به همین سرنوشت دچار شد چون قرن‌ها هم‌نشین کلمۀ «تخت» بوده و هنوز هم هست و تاج و تخت یعنی قدرت و سلطنت. نام خیابان تاج و پل تاج شد ستارخان و باشگاه تاج شد استقلال. در حالی که تاج به معنی افسر و دیهیم تنها در تاج سلطانی خلاصه نمی‌شود و تاج خروس هم داریم!

مشهورتر از همه البته «تاج سلطانی» است. چندان که حافظ در بیت زیبا چه از حیث موسیقی کلمات (حروف “ج” و “ک”) و چه معنی می گوید:

شکوهِ تاج سلطانی که بیم جان در او درج است

کلاهی دل‌کش است اما به ترک سر نمی‌ارزد!

بامزه تر از همه این که، نام باشگاه تغییر یافت و فوتبال ایران بی‌تاج شد اما سال‌های سال نیابت و بعد ریاست فدراسیون فوتبال ایران با آقایی به اسم «تاج» بوده است! این در حالی است که از القاب امام چهارم و بعد از زین‌العابدین و سید‌الساجدین، تاج‌البکایین است. یعنی سرورِ بسیار گریه‌کنندگان و شاید به همین خاطر نام‌های خانوادگی «تاج» و « تاج‌زاده» و «تاجگردون»، باقی ماندند. تازه تاج را حفظ نکنیم تاج محل چه می‌شود که نقطه پیوند فرهنگی ما با هند است؟

پایتخت هم بلاتکلیف است و نمی‌دانی تهران، همچنان پایتخت است یا نه. اما مگر حکومت آمریکا و فرانسه هم سلطنتی است که واشینگتن و پاریس را به عنوان پایتخت آنها می‌شناسیم؟

در ادبیات رسمی البته واژه «پایتخت» به کار نمی‌رود و به جای آن می‌گویند «مرکز». منتها کلمۀ «مرکز» اختصاصی نیست و تفاوت تهران با مراکز۳۰ استان دیگر را نمی رساند. تازه استان مرکزی هم داریم که مرکز آن اراک است و واژه مرکز برای مراکز تجاری یا تفریحی و موارد دیگر هم به کار می رود و در بادی امر مفهوم پایتخت را به ذهن، متبادر نمی سازد.

به لحاظ زبان شناختی می توان گفت «پایتخت» دیگر «پای تخت» نیست و برای خود هویت تازه ای پیدا کرده است.

از حیث سیاسی اما دغدغۀ مدیر روزنامۀ جمهوری اسلامی در بازتولید مفاهیم نظام سلطنتی را می توان محترم شمرد و درک کرد. منتها آیا بهتر نیست این دغدغه ها در زمینه های دیگر هم بروز کند مثلا در قبال اراده ای که می خواهد مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام را به مجلس سنا تبدیل کند؟ تا جایی که حتی یک بار آیت‌الله هاشمی شاهرودی به صراحت بر زبان آورده بود؛ در حالی که امام خمینی پس از تذکر مرحوم مفتح و در پایان نطق ۱۲ بهمن ۱۳۵۷ در بهشت زهرا گفت: «مجلس سنا چیز مزخرفی است. همیشه بوده. منظور من از مجلس سنا مجلس مؤسسان بود.»

دیگر این که آن چه در این شب ها می بینیم فصل ششم «پایتخت» است؛ حال آن که چنین دغدغه ای به قاعده باید ۹ سال قبل و نوروز ۱۳۹۰ مطرح می‌شد نه حالا و پس از ۹ سال که این نام جا افتاده و برند شده است.»

انتهای پیام

منبع:ایسنا

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