تاریخ انتشار : دوشنبه 24 آبان 1400 - 1:30
94 بازدید
کد خبر : 91936

اعتبارات قطره چکانی به سازمانی که ۳۴ مخاطره طبیعی کشور را پایش می‌کند!

اعتبارات قطره چکانی به سازمانی که ۳۴ مخاطره طبیعی کشور را پایش می‌کند!

به اعتقاد رییس سازمان زمین‌شناسی در کشور ۳۴ مخاطره طبیعی وجود دارد که از سوی این سازمان رصد شده و مورد مطالعه قرار می‌گیرند، ضمن آنکه عملیات مربوط به پیجویی و اکتشاف معدن نیز بر عهده سازمان زمین‌شناسی است و این در حالی است که اعتبارات این سازمان بر اساس برنامه‌های کاری ۶۰ سال قبل

اعتبارات قطره چکانی به سازمانی که ۳۴ مخاطره طبیعی کشور را پایش می‌کند!

به اعتقاد رییس سازمان زمین‌شناسی در کشور ۳۴ مخاطره طبیعی وجود دارد که از سوی این سازمان رصد شده و مورد مطالعه قرار می‌گیرند، ضمن آنکه عملیات مربوط به پیجویی و اکتشاف معدن نیز بر عهده سازمان زمین‌شناسی است و این در حالی است که اعتبارات این سازمان بر اساس برنامه‌های کاری ۶۰ سال قبل این سازمان برآورد می‌شود.

دکتر علیرضا شهیدی در گفت‌وگو با ایسنا، اظهار کرد: در زمانی که سازمان زمین‌شناسی تاسیس شد، بودجه‌ای متناسب با عملکرد این سازمان بسته شد، ولی در طول سال‌های بعد با توجه به وظایف ذاتی که دارد، برنامه‌های متنوع و بیشتری را در دستور کار قرار داد، ولی متاسفانه این بودجه تناسب درستی با نوع ماموریت‌هایی که در دستور کار داشت، ندارد.

وی ادامه داد: علی‌رغم آنکه در چند سال اخیر در سازمان تلاش کردیم که بودجه سازمان را متناسب با نوع کارهای انجام شده متناسب کنیم، هنوز موفق نشدیم؛ چرا که پایه بودجه سازمان بسیار پایین است.

شهیدی خاطر نشان کرد: به عنوان نمونه در گذشته مطالعات زمین شناسی تنها محدود به تهیه نقشه‌های زمین بود و یا در حوزه اکتشاف به صورت طرح‌های اکتشافی تعریف می‌شد که برای این منظور باید از سازمان برنامه و بودجه اعتبارات دریافت می‌شد تا در قالب طرح‌های یک تا ۵ ساله اجرایی شود، ولی الان در حوزه زمین شناسی ما حدود ۳۴ مخاطره‌ای که در کشور وجود دارد را شناسایی و رصد می‌کنیم.

رییس سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی اضافه کرد: این در حالی است که بودجه‌ای که برای این سازمان در نظر گرفته شده است، همانند گذشته با افزایش سالیانه ۱۰ تا ۲۰ درصد است.

وی با تاکید بر اینکه این سازمان در زمینه اکتشافی هیچ بودجه‌ای دریافت نمی‌کند، اظهار کرد: ما برای تامین اعتبارات بخش اکتشاف از ردیف ۴ بند “پ” ماده ۴۳ قانون برنامه ششم توسعه که تاکید بر “تکمیل نقشه‌های پایه زمین‌شناسی شناسایی، پی‌جویی و اکتشاف عمومی کلیه ظرفیت‌های معدنی کشور” دارد، استفاده می‌کنیم و بر این اساس سالیانه اعتباراتی را از محل طرح مستندسازی وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت که از محل حقوق دولتی معادن است، در اختیار سازمان قرار داده می‌شود.

شهیدی در زمینه میزان اعتبارات این سازمان، یادآور شد: اعتبارات سازمان در سال ۱۴۰۰ در زمینه بودجه‌های هزینه‌ای نسبت به سال ۹۶، ۴۰۰ درصد رشد داشته است. این رشد به یکباره نبوده است، بلکه در طول چندین سال افزایش یافته است.

به گفته این مقام مسؤول، اعتبارات این سازمان در بودجه‌های تملک ۲۰۰ درصد و بودجه طرح مستندسازی که برای اکتشاف در حال اجرا دارند، ۲۵۰ درصد نسبت به سال ۱۳۹۶، افزایش نشان می‌دهد.

شهیدی اضافه کرد: ولی با توجه به نوع کاری که انجام می‌شود و همچنین هزینه‌هایی که در حوزه‌های مختلف وجود دارد و افزایش قیمت‌ها، علی‌رغم رشد ۲۰۰ درصدی، ۲۵۰ درصد و ۴۰۰ درصد اعتبارات، ولی اعتبارات این سازمان همچنان ناکافی است.

رییس سازمان زمین‌شناسی با تاکید بر اینکه بودجه این سازمان نسبت به سال گذشته افزایش داشته است، افزود: با توجه به اینکه اعتبارات ما کم است، تلاش می‌شود تا اعتبارات افزایش یابد؛ از این رو اعتبارات ما نسبت به سال گذشته در بخش اعتبارات هزینه‌ای حدود ۵۰ درصد افزایش دارد، ولی از آنجایی که بودجه پایه ضعیف بوده، هر مقدار که اعتبارات این سازمان افزایش داشته باشد، ولی متاسفانه جوابگوی نیازها نیست.

وی تاکید کرد: بودجه و نیروهای انسانی موجود در سازمان زمین‌شناسی با فعالیت‌هایی که در حال انجام است، هیچ تناسبی ندارد.

مطالعات زمین شناسی در کشور پرمخاطره ایران

شهیدی با بیان اینکه اعتبارات مربوط به مطالعات حوزه مخاطرات جزو طرح‌های تملک به شمار می‌رود، ادامه داد: علی رغم اینکه تنوع مخاطرات در کشور زیاد است، بودجه‌های این حوزه به اندازه‌ای کم است که تنها می‌توانیم حقوق پرسنل را تامین کنیم، ولی ما از سال گذشته برای تامین اعتبارات این حوزه مطالعاتی، طرح “مشارکت با بخش خصوصی” را آغاز کردیم و در قالب آن از مشارکت بخش خصوصی در بخش‌هایی چون تولید اطلاعات پایه و ژئوفیزیک هوایی استفاده کردیم، ولی در بخش مخاطرات، اعتبارات طرح‌ها در حد تامین حقوق همکاران است.

وی با اشاره به مشارکت این سازمان برای انجام مطالعات ژئوفیزیک هوایی، توضیح داد: اخیرا تفاهم نامه‌ای با شرکت ملی فولاد به امضا رساندیم که بر اساس آن زمانی که این شرکت اقدام به بررسی پهنه‌های مورد نظر خود می‌کند، سازمان زمین شناسی نیز برای آنها کار برداشت ژئوفیزیک هوایی را انجام دهد و به دنبال آن چرخه ژئوفیزیک هوایی را تکمیل می‌کند و اطلاعات استخراح شده را در اختیار این شرکت قرار می‌دهد.

به گفته این محقق حوزه زمین‌شناسی ژئوفیزیک هوایی بسیار هزینه‌بر است، ولی با توجه به اینکه از طریق این روش می‌توان مساحت زیاد را در مدت زمان کمی مورد بررسی قرار داد، اقتصادی است.

رییس سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی با بیان اینکه این سازمان از سال‌های گذشته در زمینه مخاطرات مطالعاتی را اجرایی کرده است، اظهار کرد: گزارش سال ۵۶ سازمان به عنوان مرجعی برای گسل‌های فعال کشور به‌ویژه برای تهران به شمار می‌رود، بر این اساس در سازمان معاونت مخاطرات تشکیل شده که وظیفه این همکاران شناسایی مخاطرات است.

وی با بیان اینکه این سازمان جزو کارگروه‌های ملی چون ریز گرد و زلزله است، خاطر نشان کرد: ما سالانه گزارش مخاطرات را نیز منتشر می‌کنیم، علاوه بر آن در سال ۹۸ نیز ۵ اطلس-نقشه را در زمینه‌های “زلزله، ” آب کارستی”، “ریزگرد”، “فرونشست” و “سیلاب” منتشر کردیم.

شهیدی با تاکید بر اینکه این اطلس-نقشه‌ها به صورت ملی منتشر شدند و در سامانه پایگاه داده‌های علوم زمین این سازمان در دسترس قرار دارند، یادآور شد: این اطلس‌ها هر ساله به روز رسانی خواهند شد.

تلاش برای ادامه دار بودن پایش ۳۴ مخاطره موجود در ایران 

رییس سازمان زمین شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی، گفت: ما در زمینه کمبود اعتبارات با سازمان برنامه و بودجه و مجلس شورای اسلامی تعاملات خوبی داریم، ضمن آنکه با مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس در زمینه خطرات ناشی از مخاطرات طبیعی و کمبود اعتبارات برای مطالعه در این حوزه‌ها تعاملاتی صورت گرفته است.

وی ادامه داد: علت اینکه بودجه سازمان زمین‌شناسی نسبت به سال گذشته ۵۰ درصد افزایش یافته، این است که همه واقف هستند که بودجه این سازمان که یک سازمان حاکمیتی مهم در زمینه زمین‌شناسی و اکتشاف است، اندک است؛ از این رو با ما همکاری شده است.

شهیدی اضافه کرد: علاوه بر این‌ها امسال فرایند دیگری که انجام داده شد و مناسب بود، همکاری‌ای است که میان ۳ معاونت سازمان زمین شناسی، سازمان ایمیدرو و معاونت معدنی وزارت صمت طی انعقاد تفاهم‌نامه‌ای ایجاد شد و با امضای آن، بخشی از منابع ایمیدرو در اختیار سازمان زمین‌شناسی قرار می‌گیرد.

وی با اشاره به جزئیات این همکاری خاطر نشان کرد: بر این اساس برنامه ۵ ساله با سازمان ایمیدرو در حوزه اکتشاف، تولید اطلاعات پایه و ژئوفیزیک هوایی تهیه شد و طی آن سفارشات ایمیدرو اخذ شد و با توجه به پتانسیل خوب سازمان زمین‌شناسی به دلیل وجود نیروی انسانی متخصص، ما این سفارشات را در حوزه‌های مربوط اجرایی می‌کنیم.

به گفته رییس سازمان زمین‌شناسی و اکتشافات معدنی این طرح در قالب یک برنامه ۵ ساله است که اگر اجرا شود، در تاریخ زمین شناسی کشور، اعتبارات خوبی را دریافت خواهیم کرد و تحول خوبی در این حوزه ایجاد خواهد شد.

منبع:ایسنا

برچسب ها :

ناموجود
ارسال نظر شما
مجموع نظرات : 0 در انتظار بررسی : 0 انتشار یافته : ۰
  • نظرات ارسال شده توسط شما، پس از تایید توسط مدیران سایت منتشر خواهد شد.
  • نظراتی که حاوی تهمت یا افترا باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.
  • نظراتی که به غیر از زبان فارسی یا غیر مرتبط با خبر باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.

htthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtthtt