تاریخ انتشار : دوشنبه 6 تیر 1401 - 9:47
93 بازدید
کد خبر : 198425

درباره‌ی کتاب «سمفونی مردگان» نوشته‌ی عباس معروفی

درباره‌ی کتاب «سمفونی مردگان» نوشته‌ی عباس معروفی

  رمان سمفونی مردگان عباس معروفی سرگذشت تراژیک خانواده‌ای در اردبیل است و داستان فروپاشی این خانواده. معروفی در رمان «سمفونی مردگان» حکایت عتیق برادرکُشی را بازمی‌گوید و همچنین پسرکُشیِ رستم‌وار را برای حفظِ سنتی که گویی باید از گزند نوجویی محافظت شود و مصون بماند.  وقایع رمان «سمفونی مردگان» در اردبیل سال‌های پیش از

 

رمان سمفونی مردگان عباس معروفی سرگذشت تراژیک خانواده‌ای در اردبیل است و داستان فروپاشی این خانواده. معروفی در رمان «سمفونی مردگان» حکایت عتیق برادرکُشی را بازمی‌گوید و همچنین پسرکُشیِ رستم‌وار را برای حفظِ سنتی که گویی باید از گزند نوجویی محافظت شود و مصون بماند. 

وقایع رمان «سمفونی مردگان» در اردبیل سال‌های پیش از انقلاب اتفاق می‌افتد و البته عباس معروفی در نشست پرسش و پاسخی که بعد از انتشار چاپ اول این رمان برگزار شد و در دفتر یکم کتاب «آینه‌ها: نقد و بررسی ادبیات امروز ایران» به چاپ رسید، تأکید می‌کند که اردبیلِ این رمان عیناً از اردبیلِ واقعی الگوبرداری نشده و او ترجیح می‌دهد شهرهای قصه‌هایش را از نو بسازد. درواقع معروفی در رمان «سمفونی مردگان» اردبیل واقعی را به اردبیل خیالی و داستانی در یک رمان «رئالیسم جادویی» تبدیل می‌کند و تراژدی خانواده اورخانی را بر زمینه‌ی این اردبیل خیالی نقش می‌زند.

سمفونی مردگان رقعی

رمان «سمفونی مردگان» عباس معروفی یکی از پرفروش‌ترین رمان‌های ایرانی بعد از انقلاب و جزو بهترین رمان‌های ایرانی معاصر است. این رمان، که اولین بار در سال  ۱۳۶۸ منتشر شد، هم توجه منتقدان ادبی را برانگیخت و هم اقبال عام یافت و عباس معروفی با همین رمان بود که به شهرت رسید. «سمفونی مردگان» تا کنون به چاپ‌های متعدد رسیده و به زبان‌های انگلیسی، عربی و آلمانی نیز ترجمه شده است. این رمان در سال ۲۰۰۱ جایزه بنیاد انتشارات ادبی فلسفی سورکامپ را گرفته و در هفته‌نامه‌ی «دی ولت» سوئیس از آن به‌عنوان یک شاهکار یاد شده است.  

انتشار رمان «سمفونی مردگان» در سال ۱۳۶۸ معروفی را در عالم داستان‌نویسی به شهرت رساند. او اما تا به «سمفونی مردگان» برسد، راه درازی را در نوشتن پیموده و بسیار نوشته بود و در نوشتن و یادگیری فنون نوشتن کوشیده بود. 

پیش از انتشار رمان «سمفونی مردگان»، هم قصه نوشته بود و هم نمایشنامه و به جز «روبه‌روی آفتاب»، که اولین مجموعه داستانش بود، مجموعه‌ای هم به نام «آخرین نسل برتر» منتشر کرده بود. اما هنوز مانده بود تا معروفی با «سمفونی مردگان» سبک شخصی خود را رو کند و در عالم نویسندگی بدرخشد. 

حسن میرعابدینی در کتاب «صد سال داستان‌نویسی ایران» نخستین داستان‌های معروفی را داستان‌هایی وصف می‌کند که بخشی از آن‌ها «با طنزی رقیق دل‌مشغولی‌های اجتماعی نویسنده را باز می‌تاباند؛ و در بخشی از آن‌ها یادآوری خاطرات به شکلی رمانتیک انجام می‌گیرد.»

عباس معروفی حدود پنج سال روی رمان «سمفونی مردگان» کار کرد و سرانجام این رمان را، که نوشتن آن را در سال ۱۳۶۳ شروع کرده بود، در سال ۱۳۶۸ منتشر کرد. رمان «سمفونی مردگان»، داستان برادرکُشی و حذف و طرد یک شاعرِ روشنفکر از سوی پدر و برادرش است.

شخصیت اصلی رمان «سمفونی مردگان» آیدین است؛  شخصیتی پُر شَر و شور که سازِ مخالف می‌زند و از همین رو پدر، که مستبد و خودرأی است و می‌خواهد پسرانش راه او را دنبال کنند، با او سَرِ لج است و اورهان هم که می‌خواهد در دل پدر جا کُند و وارث حجره و دارایی‌های او بشود و در کل شخصیتی تابع و سلطه‌پذیر دارد، در دشمنی با آیدین، که عزیزدُردانه‌ی مادر است، از پدر تقلید می‌کند. 

 

رمان با لحظه‌ای آغاز می‌شود که اورهان، پسری که راه پدر را ادامه داده و بازاری و کاسب شده، راه می‌افتد که آیدین، برادر دیگرش را که شاعر و روشنفکر است و نخواسته به راه پدر برود، بکُشد. 

رمان «سمفونی مردگان» حکایت ناکامی و شکست است و حکایت امیدهایی که بر باد می‌روند و سازهای مخالفی که خاموش می‌شوند؛ حکایت میل به تحول و بازماندن از آن، حکایت نوجویی و خود را به در و دیوار کوبیدن و نیافتن راهی برای رهایی از چارچوب‌های سفت‌وسختِ قدیمیِ تحمیل‌شده، حکایت پرواز و سقوط، حکایت بال‌هایی که قیچی می‌شوند و خیزهای بلند و کوتاهی که فرجام‌شان یا جنون است و یا جُمود. 

گفته‌اند که «سمفونی مردگان» شبیه رمان «خشم و هیاهو»ی ویلیام فاکنر و متأثر از آن است. از جمله دلایلی که برای این شباهت ذکر کرده‌اند، تقابل برادر روشنفکر و برادر کاسب‌کار و وجود برادری ناقص‌عقل در هر دو رمان است. معروفی اما چنین تأثیری را رد می‌کند و می‌گوید که هیچ تأثیری از «خشم و هیاهو»ی فاکنر نگرفته است. معروفی می‌گوید که رمان «سمفونی مردگان» نه از دل «خشم و هیاهو» بلکه از دل شعر «تولدی دیگر» فروغ فرخزاد بیرون آمده و به قول خود او «بچه این شعر است.»

سال بلوا، پیکر فرهاد، فریدون سه پسر داشت، ذوب‌شده، تماماً مخصوص و نام تمام مردگان یحیاست از دیگر رمان‌های عباس معروفی هستتند. او همچنین کتاب‌های دیگری در حوزه‌ی داستان‌ کوتاه، نمایشنامه و شعر منتشر کرده است. با خواندن رمان «سمفونی مردگان»، که معروفترین اثر عباس معروفی‌ست، چه بسا این‌طور خیال کنیم که نویسنده این رمان اهل اردبیل است، چون وقایع این رمان در اردبیل اتفاق می‌افتد.  عباس معروفی اما زاده‌ی ۱۳۳۶ در بازارچه‌ی نایب‌السلطنه‌ی تهران است. برای خرید کتاب با تخفیف از خدماتی که بنوبوک برایتان ارایه کرده استفاده کنید. 

 

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