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دلتا، واریانت بالاتر از خطر کروناویروس

دلتا، واریانت بالاتر از خطر کروناویروس

ایسنا/فارس پیک پنجم از همه‌گیری کروناویروس در ایران، که قبل از اتمام پیک چهارم و از جنوب کشور آغاز شد، با ورود سویه‌های جدید این ویروس کشنده همراه بود و در میان این گونه‌ها، نوع هندی یا همان “دلتا”، بیشتر افراد را مبتلا و راهی بیمارستان کرد؛ چرایی این موضوع، یکی از پرسش‌های متداول محسوب می‌شود

دلتا، واریانت بالاتر از خطر کروناویروس

ایسنا/فارس پیک پنجم از همه‌گیری کروناویروس در ایران، که قبل از اتمام پیک چهارم و از جنوب کشور آغاز شد، با ورود سویه‌های جدید این ویروس کشنده همراه بود و در میان این گونه‌ها، نوع هندی یا همان “دلتا”، بیشتر افراد را مبتلا و راهی بیمارستان کرد؛ چرایی این موضوع، یکی از پرسش‌های متداول محسوب می‌شود که متخصصان مختلف به آن پاسخ‌ داده‌اند.

اخیرا گمانه‌زنی‌های علمی و تخصصی پیرامون واریانت یا سویه‌های جهش یافته ویروس کووید-۱۹، به یکی از مباحث اصلی پیرامون پاندمی این بیماری بدل شده است و همانگونه که متخصصان هشدار داده بودند، واریانت دلتا، دارای خصوصیت‌هایی‌ست که آن را از گونه اصلی کروناویروس، بسیار خطرناک‌تر کرده است.

دلتا در حال تبدیل به گونه غالب کروناویروس است

یک عضو هیئت علمی گروه ژنتیک جهاددانشگاهی استان فارس در گفت و گو با ایسنا، در مورد ویژگی‌های واریانت دلتای کروناویروس گفت: واریانت بسیار مسری ویروس کرونا یا واریانت دلتا، که هم‌اکنون در جهان گسترش یافته به طوریکه بر اساس اطلاعات سازمان بهداشت جهانی، این گونه از ویروس کرونا که چندی پیش در هند شناسایی شد، اکنون حدود ۲۵ درصد از موارد جدید عفونت کوید ۱۹ را شامل می شود و به سرعت در حال تبدیل شدن به گونه غالب و در حال چرش در کشورهای مختلف از جمله کشور عزیزمان است.

دکتر حسین جاوید با اشاره به اینکه تمام ویروس ها، از جمله ویروس SARS-Cov-۲ یا عامل عفونت کوید ۱۹ با گذشت زمان دچار تغییرات و تکامل می‌شوند، خاطرنشان کرد: یک ویروس پس از ورود به بدن و سلول‌های میزبان تکثیر شده و نسخه‌هایی از خود تولید و هر از گاهی برای تطبیق با میزبان و شرایط جدید و برای بقای خود اندکی تغییر می‌کند.

این متخصص میکروبیولوژی افزود: این تغییرات که در ماده ژنتیکی ویروس رخ می‌دهند را در اصطلاح علمی جهش یا موتاسیون می‌نامند. این جهش ها که در ویروس‌ها کاملا طبیعی است منجر به ایجاد گونه یا واریانت جدید ویروس می‌شوند. احتمال ایجاد این جهش‌ها با چرخش ویروس در جمعیت و ایجاد عفونت رابطه مستقیم دارد. یعنی هر چه ویروس بین افراد جمعیت هدف بیشتر جا به جا شود، به مفهوم امکان تکثیر بیشتر ویروس و امکان ایجاد موتاسیون بیشتر و در نهایت ایجاد واریانت‌های بیشتر است.

جهش‌ها قدرت کروناویروس را افزایش داد

این میکروبیولوژیست یادآور شد: گونه های جدید ویروس بسته به جایگاه موتاسیون ایجاد شده در آن‌ها دچار تغییرات مختلفی از جمله تغییر قدرت سرایت و یا شدت بیماری ایجاد شده توسط آن‌ها می‌شوند. البته باید این نکته را نیز در نظر داشت که ممکن است همه این تغییرات افزایشی نباشند و برخی اوقات جهش‌های اشتباه باعث تضعیف ویروس‌ها شوند. اما در مورد واریانت دلتا متاسفانه جهش‌های ایجاد شده باعث افزایش قدرت سرایت و انتشار ویروس شده‌اند. به طوری که این واریانت که به B.۱.۶۱۷.۲ معروف است به عنوان پرسرایت‌ترین ویروس این خانواده شناسایی شده است. اخیرا در هند نوع جهش یافته‌ای از واریانت دلتا به نام دلتا پلاس نیز کشف شده است و اگرچه هنوز توسط سازمان بهداشت جهانی تائید نشده، اما در ۱۱ کشور دیگر نیز گزارش‌هایی از وجود واریانت دلتا پلاس وجود دارد.

دلتا واریانتی به شدت مسری و خطرناک

دکتر جاوید افزود ممکن است در رابطه با واریانت دلتا سئوالاتی در ذهن افراد ایجاد شود مثلا آیا واریانت دلتا باعث ایجاد علائم بیشتر و شدیدتر می‌شود؟ متاسفانه پاسخ به این سوال مثبت است. تحقیقات نشان داده که میزان بستری شدن افراد مبتلا به واریانت دلتا حدودا دو برابر افراد آلوده به گونه‌های دیگر است. بر اساس مطالعات دیگر علائم بیماری ناشی از واریانت دلتا شامل سردرد، آبریزش بینی و تب است، یعنی همان علائمی که در سرماخوردگی معمولی مشاهده می‌شود اما شدیدتر. علائم معمول دیگر در عفونت کوید ۱۹ شامل تنگی نفس، سرفه و مشکلات ریوی است که در افراد مبتلا به واریانت دلتا نیز مشاهده می‌شود.

واکسینه‌ها در امان نیستند

او اضافه کرد: سئوال بعدی این است که آیا واکسن ها بر علیه واریانت دلتا موثرند؟ دانشمندان معتقدند که اکثر واکسن‌های در حال استفاده در سطح جهان می‌توانند تا حدی ایمنی مناسب در مقابل واریانت دلتا ایجاد کنند و حداقل افرادی که واکسیناسیون را به صورت کامل انجام داده‌اند از شانس بستری شدن پایین‌تری در بیمارستان (که هدف اصلی واکسیناسیون است) برخوردارند.

جاویدی، عضو هیئت علمی جهاددانشگاهی استان فارس گفت: به طور کلی اطلاعات موجود در مورد واریانت دلتا برای ما روشن کرده است که؛ اولا واریانت دلتا به شدت مسری تر از واریانت‌های دیگر است. دوما افراد واکسینه شده اگرچه شانس ابتلای کمتری دارند اما هنوز در معرض خطر بوده و باید اقدامات محافظتی شخصی را جدی بگیرند. سوما امکان شیوه گستره این واریانت به شدت بالاست.

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