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ریشه‌های اعتراض معلمان از نگاه عباس عبدی

ریشه‌های اعتراض معلمان از نگاه عباس عبدی

این روزها اعتراضات سراسری آموزگاران توجه همگان را به خود جلب کرده است؛ اعتراضاتی که سراسری، بسیار آرام و مدنی برگزار می‌شود و خواسته اصلی آنان نیز همسان‌سازی با حقوق اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه‌ها طبق یک نسبت معین است. به گزارش ایسنا، عباس عبدی در ادامه یادداشت خود در روزنامه «اعتماد» نوشت: آموزگاران در این

ریشه‌های اعتراض معلمان از نگاه عباس عبدی

این روزها اعتراضات سراسری آموزگاران توجه همگان را به خود جلب کرده است؛ اعتراضاتی که سراسری، بسیار آرام و مدنی برگزار می‌شود و خواسته اصلی آنان نیز همسان‌سازی با حقوق اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه‌ها طبق یک نسبت معین است.

به گزارش ایسنا، عباس عبدی در ادامه یادداشت خود در روزنامه «اعتماد» نوشت: آموزگاران در این خواسته خود ذی‌حق هستند، چرا که بدون تردید حقوق و دستمزد آنان به قیمت ثابت در چند دهه گذشته کاهش داشته، در نتیجه بسیاری از آنان را مجبور به حضور در مشاغل دوم و حتی سوم کرده است. بنابراین باید انتظار داشت که دولت نیز احترام این نحوه اعتراض مدنی معلمان را پاس دارد و از طریق یک گفت‌وگوی سازنده و با توجه به جمیع شرایط با آنان به توافق و تفاهم برسد. چنین رفتاری نه فقط به بهبود شرایط معلمان کمک خواهد کرد، بلکه الگوی مناسبی برای چگونگی تعامل میان دولت و معترضان در هر زمینه است. البته شرط لازم برای این کار، شناسایی فرد یا گروهی از معلمان به عنوان نماینده آنان است، چون با یک میلیون آموزگار که نمی‌توان گفت‌وگو کرد. اینجاست که صاحبان قدرت متوجه می‌شوند تا چه اندازه نیازمند حلقه واسط میان خود و مردم هستند؛ حلقه‌ای که در جامعه امروز به عنوان نهاد مدنی شناخته می‌شود.

وضعیت کنونی آموزش و پرورش اعم از اعتراض آموزگاران به حقوق خودشان یا شرایط بد موجود در نظام آموزشی کشور ناشی از چیست؟ در اینجا می‌خواهم به چند عامل اشاره کنم که گمان می‌کنم  اهمیت دارد.

اولین مساله فلسفه نادرست آموزش و پرورش در ایران است. فلسفه‌ای مبتنی بر اینکه حکومت یا بزرگتران واجد گزاره‌های اخلاقی و انسانی و آموزشی ازلی و ابدی درستی هستند و باید آن را به ذهن دانش‌آموزان تزریق یا منتقل کنند. نظامی که آن را می‌توان معادل نظام آموزشی اسکولاستیک دانست. اگر نظام آموزشی اسکولاستیکی در چند قرن پیش می‌توانست مدتی دوام آورد، در قرن ۲۱ و با حضور اینترنت و شبکه‌های اجتماعی و… همچنین دسترسی به سایر نظام‌های آموزشی قابل پیاده کردن نیست، چه رسد به اینکه دوام آورد. شرح و بسط این ویژگی نیازمند تحلیل جداگانه است، به ویژه در اصول آموزش، محتوای آموزش و مدیریت آموزشی بازتاب دارد.

مساله و ریشه بعدی که از دهه ۱۳۶۰ آغاز شد، مدارس غیرانتفاعی است. اجازه بدهید خیلی صریح بگویم؛  فرزندان خودم نیز حداقل بخشی از دوره تحصیل‌شان را در مدارس غیرانتفاعی گذرانده‌اند. ولی از همان ابتدا با این مدارس مخالفت داشته‌ام و بارها نوشته‌ام. زیرا گمان می‌کردم که از یک سو موجب فراموشی نظام آموزش و پرورش با حدود ۱۹ میلیون دانش‌آموز (در آن مقطع) خواهد شد، از سوی دیگر عدالت آموزشی را به مسلخ می‌برد و بدتر آنکه نیروهای جوان و خلاق را نابود می‌کند. در واقع هنگامی که چند صد هزار نفر از آموزش خوب برخوردار شوند و میلیون‌ها دانش‌آموز از این امکان محروم شوند، این استعدادهای خلاق در میان این میلیون‌ها نفر هستند که نابود می‌شوند. از سوی دیگر سقوط سطح آموزش در  کشور ریشه اصلی بسیاری از ناهنجاری‌ها و بی‌فرهنگی‌های موجود در نسلی است که از آموزش خوب محروم شده‌اند. اتفاقی که در دانشگاه‌ها به شکل معکوس رخ داد. با تاسیس دانشگاه آزاد در عمل فشار از روی دانشگاه‌های دولتی برای جذب دانشجویان بیشتر برداشته شد و کیفیت آنها مخدوش نشد. ولی در مدارس عکس این رخ داد. با آباد کردن مدارس غیرانتفاعی، نظام آموزش و پرورش را ویران کردند و حتی درون این نظام چند جزیره محدود چون مدارس تیزهوشان، نمونه مردمی و… درست کردند و بقیه را به امان خدا رها کردند.

مدارس غیرانتفاعی یکی از شاخص‌های مهم برای فهم «طبقه جدید» یا همان «نومانکلاتورا»های اتحاد جماهیر شوروی در ایران است. هنوز مطالعه‌ای عمیق و معتبر درباره چگونگی شکل‌گیری این مدارس و گرفتن امتیازات دولتی در عوض ثبت‌نام فرزندان این طبقه جدید انجام نشده است. حداقل ریشه بخش مهمی از فسادهای موجود و تبدیل شدن مجموعه حاکم به یک کاست سیاسی را باید در وجود این مدارس و صاحبان آنها دید. زیرا مدرسه یعنی آموزش و آینده فرزندان، جایی است که شوخی‌بردار نیست. برای یک ساختار غیرپاسخگو مهم‌ترین ابزار قدرت، مدیریت و مالکیت و کنترل این مدارس است. نهایت آنکه با این مدارس مساله آموزش فرزندان صدها و هزاران نفر از مسوولان حل شد. البته کسان دیگری هم که دست‌شان به دهان‌شان می‌رسید از این وضعیت بهره‌مند شدند و در نتیجه میلیون‌ها دانش‌آموز و صدها هزار آموزگار به فراموشی نسبی سپرده شده و هم به لحاظ آموزشی و هم به لحاظ تربیتی و پرورشی به حاشیه رانده شدند. هزینه‌های انجام شده برای تحصیل در این مدارس نیز نوعی سرمایه‌گذاری با سوددهی بالا بود. نه نگران مشکلات تربیتی فرزند خود بودید، نه نگران پیشرفت تحصیلی و نه نگران قبولی در کنکور، مگر اینکه فرزندتان خیلی کم‌استعداد و سر به هوا باشد که بحث دیگری است. امکانات دولتی در حد وسیع و به صورت‌های گوناگون به این تعداد اندک مدرسه سرازیر شد و آبادی آنها به قیمت فراموشی و حتی ویرانی بخش‌های دیگر تمام شد.

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