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زندگی در مناطقی که طالبان تازه تصرف کرده‌اند

زندگی در مناطقی که طالبان تازه تصرف کرده‌اند

“«طالبان تغییر کرده‌اند» یا «طالبان تغییر نکرده‌اند»؟ این بحثی سیاسی است که در بالاترین رده‌های حکومتی افغانستان و بین‌المللی مطرح است. طالبان در زمینه حقوق بشر سابقه تاریکی دارند، ولی در این سال‌ها کوشیده‌اند چهره دیگری از خود نشان دهند. اما واقعیت موجود در مناطقی که تازه به دست طالبان افتاده‌، نشان می‌دهد که نسبت

زندگی در مناطقی که طالبان تازه تصرف کرده‌اند

“«طالبان تغییر کرده‌اند» یا «طالبان تغییر نکرده‌اند»؟ این بحثی سیاسی است که در بالاترین رده‌های حکومتی افغانستان و بین‌المللی مطرح است. طالبان در زمینه حقوق بشر سابقه تاریکی دارند، ولی در این سال‌ها کوشیده‌اند چهره دیگری از خود نشان دهند. اما واقعیت موجود در مناطقی که تازه به دست طالبان افتاده‌، نشان می‌دهد که نسبت به ۲۰ سال پیش، هیچ تغییری در ذهنیت و رفتار گروه طالبان به وجود نیامده است.”

به گزارش ایسنا، طالبان همین هفته پیش توانستند بخش عمده ولایت شمال شرقی تخار را تصرف کنند. این گروه تقریبا تمام ۱۶ شهرستان تخار را تصرف کرده و به پشت دروازه‌های مرکز تالقان رسیده است. با پیشروی طالبان، زندگی در ولایت تخار به‌شدت دگرگون شده، محدودیت‌های دوران طالبانی بازگشته و بیم و دلهره گسترش یافته است.

در هیمن زمینه ایندیپندنت با سه شهروند تخاری درباره شرایط زندگی در مناطق تحت سیطره طالبان گفت‌وگو کرده است.

سیمین حسینی، رئیس رادیوی محلی «هم‌صدا» در تخار است که تمام ۱۲ کارمند و مدیر این رادیوی محلی زن‌اند و عمده برنامه‌هایشان با هدف آموزش زنان تولید می‌شود. خانم حسینی می‌گوید: از ۱۶ شهرستان تنها مرکز تالقان در کنترل حکومت است. طالبان محدودیت‌هایی را وضع کرده‌ و معیارهایی را معرفی کرده‌اند که مردم باید بپذیرند؛ مثلا اینکه خانم‌ها نباید بدون همراهی یک محرم جایی بروند.

او می‌گوید این به معنای حصر زنان پشت دیوارهای خانه است چرا که هیچ زنی نمی‌تواند همواره با یک محرم همه جا برود.

زنان کارمند رادیو هم‌صدا از ترس سقوط تالقان به دست طالبان از خانه بیرون نمی‌آیند و برنامه‌های زنده این رادیو متوقف شده است؛ اما سیمین حسینی با بازپخش برنامه‌های ضبط شده می‌کوشد صدای زنان تخار را بلند نگه دارد. برنامه‌های رادیویی او در شهرستان‌هایی که تازه به دست طالبان افتاده‌اند نیز شنیده می‌شود.

حسینی می‌افزاید: «زنان در چهاردیواری خانه محصورند. بیماران زن جرات ندارند از خانه بیرون بیایند؛ مگر اینکه بیماری خیلی شدید باشد و یک محرم همراهشان باشد. قیمت چادر بالا رفته است. مردم و نسل جوان که چادر نمی‌پوشیدند، به فکر خریدن چادر افتاده‌اند. قیمت چادر از ۷۰۰ افغانی به ۱۵۰۰ افغانی رسیده است؛ چون مردم طالبان را می‌شناسند.»

یک شهروند تخاری دیگر که به دلیل تهدیدهای امنیتی ترجیح می‌دهد نامش فاش نشود، می‌گوید که بخش عمده محدودیت‌ها را مولوی کبیر، فرمانده اصلی جنگ طالبان، وضع کرده است. او گفت: «از رستاق خبر می‌رسد که طالبان مردم را اذیت می‌کنند. به خانه‌های مردم رفته و گفته‌اند برای جنگجویان طالبان نان جور کنند. نوبت گذاشته‌اند که از هر خانه غذا ببرند. آن‌ها به مردم گفته‌اند بیایید به جبهه‌های ما بپیوندید. نرخ‌نامه ترتیب کرده‌اند. برای دختران مهریه با ارز امارات تعیین کرده‌اند که حدود ۱۰۰ هزار افغانی می‌شود. در آموزش تغییراتی داده و گفته‌اند زنان نمی‌توانند بدون محرم بیرون بروند. تاکید کرده‌اند که مردها باید ریش بگذارند. این‌ها مواردی است که در مناطق تخار وضع شده است.»

او درباره محدودیت در مورد آموزش دختران می‌گوید که طالبان در سخنرانی‌ها در مساجد اعلام کرده‌اند که دختران نمی‌توانند بیش از کلاس ششم درس بخوانند. مدارس و دانشگاه‌های دختران و پسران هم باید جدا شود؛ هرچند فعلا مدارس به دلیل مسائل امنیتی و ویروس کرونا تعطیل‌اند و در شهرستان‌های تخار دانشگاهی وجود ندارد.

تعیین مهریه برای زنان مردم را نگران کرده است که مبادا طالبان دختران جوان را به زور و در ازای پرداخت پول به نام مهریه، به عقد جنگجویان خود درآورند. این ساکن تخاری به ما گفت: «گزارش‌هایی وجود دارد که طالبان در قندوز گفته‌اند افرادی که سه دختر جوان در خانه دارند، یکی را به عقد مجاهدین درآورند؛ اما این خبر از منبع دیگری شنیده نشده است.»

اعمال قوانین سختگیرانه مردم را به‌شدت نگران کرده است. عده‌ای زیادی از رفتار طالبان در مناطق خود ناراضی‌اند اما از ترس نمی‌توانند چیزی بگویند.

منع موسیقی و فروش مرغ یخ‌زده از دیگر محدودیت‌های تازه وضع‌ شده‌اند. طالبان در مورد حلال بودن مرغ یخ‌زده تردید دارند. آن‌ها نعت و سرود مذهبی را نیز جایگزین موسیقی محلی و ملی کرده‌اند.

عبدالسمیع خاوری، مسئول کمیته خبرنگاران در تخار که روز شنبه خود را به کابل رسانده است، می‌گوید: «همه‌جا محدودیت است تا خانم‌ها بدون محرم تردد نکنند. مغازه‌ها در مناطق طالبان باز است اما به زنانی که محرم ندارند، چیزی نمی‌فروشند. مهم‌ترین مورد این است که زنان نمی‌توانند بدون محرم به شهر یا درمانگاه بروند. این را اعلام کرده‌اند. مدارس متاسفانه فلج شده‌اند. وضعیت اضطراری حکمفرما است.»

شاهدان عینی می‌گویند، بسیاری از مناطق تخار به این دلیل سقوط کرده است که نیروهای امنیتی علیه طالبان ایستادگی نکرده‌اند و عقب کشیده‌اند. آن‌ها می‌افزایند که گروه طالبان آن‌قدر قوی نیست که با زور پیروز شود اما در بسیاری از بخش‌ها فقط با شنیدن صدای مخابره طالبان، عقب‌نشینی شده است. برخی حتی مقام‌های مسئول را به معامله با طالبان متهم کرده‌اند. تنها در شهرستان اشکمش که مقاومت صورت گرفته، جنگ ۱۰ روز ادامه یافته است و سرانجام طالبان با کشتن چهار نفر از جمله فرماندار، منطقه را تصرف کرده‌اند.

بسیاری از این جنگجویان طالبان محلی‌اند که از قبل در تخار سربازگیری شده‌اند. منابع ما می‌گویند در فرخار که تازه سقوط کرده است، ۱۰۰ طالب محلی و ۴۰ طالب هم نیروی کمکی از بغلان بوده‌اند.

دولت مرکزی افغانستان اعلام کرده است که افراد خارجی میان طالبان در شمال کشور پخش‌اند و با اهداف فراملی می‌جنگند. اما براساس گزارش شاهدان عینی، جنگجوی خارجی در میان طالبان کم است و جنگ را بیشتر طالبان محلی پیش می‌برند.

 

شماری از زنان در غور در برابر طالبان سلاح به دست گرفتند

 

از دو ماه به این‌سو، جنگ شدید میان نیروهای امنیتی و دفاعی افغان در شمال افغانستان جریان دارد. طالبان در این مدت توانسته‌اند که شماری زیاد از ولایتها را در شمال این کشور ناامن بسازند و بیشتر از ۸۰ روستای دیگر را تصرف کنند.

ولایت غور که در زون غرب افغانستان موقعیت دارد، نیز یکی از ولایت‌های در این کشور به شماری می‌رود که جنگ شدید میان نیروهای امنیتی و دفاعی افغان و طالبان جریان داشته و این گروه (طالبان)، توانسته‌اند که روستاهای شهرک، تولک، ساغر و دولینه‌ی این روستا را نیز تصرف کنند.

اکنون که جنگ شدت گرفته است، طالبان تلاش دارند که این ولایت را به طور کامل تصرف کنند، اما شماری از زنان این روستا، سلاح برداشته و تاکید دارند که در برابر طالبان به هر شکل ممکن مبارزه می‌کنند و اجازه نمی‌دهند که طالبان ولایت غور را از آنان بگیرند.

آنان تاکید دارند که تحت هر شرایط که یپش بیاید در کنار نیروهای امنیتی و دفاعی کشورشان قرار می‌گیرند و نمی‌خواهند که بار دیگر دوره سیاه طالبانی را تجربه کنند و به دهه ۹۰ برگردند.

فعالیت‌ ۲۰ رسانه‌ محلی در شمال افغانستان با تهدید طالبان متوقف شد 

۲۰ رسانه محلی در شمال افغانستان و محله‌های تحت کنترل طالبان، به‌دلیل تهدیدهای امنیتی، فعالیت‌های خود را متوقف و شماری از خبرنگارانشان از منطقه فرار کردند و به استان‌های امن این کشور به ویژه کابل رفتند.

شماری از مسئولان این رسانه‌ها گفته‌اند که شدت گرفتن جنگ، تهدیدهای امنیتی و اقدام طالبان به وضع محدودیت‌ برای رسانه‌ها، آنان را به شدت نگران کرده است و ناچارند فعالیت‌هایشان را تا مدت نامعلومی متوقف کنند. آنان هشدار داده‌اند که اگر جنگ متوقف نشود و طالبان از فشار آوردن بر رسانه‌ها دست نکشد، به احتمال زیاد، بیشتر رسانه‌ها دست از فعالیت برمی‌دارند و در رسانه‌هایشان را می‌بندند.

در همین حال، ذبیح‌الله مجاهد، سخنگوی طالبان، هر نوع تهدید و وضع محدودیت‌ برای رسانه‌ها در شمال افغانستان را رد کرد و گفت: «این حرف و سخنان که گویا ما برای رسانه‌ها محدودیت وضع یا آن‌ها را تهدید کرده‌ایم که به نفع ما کار کنند، بی‌اساس و بی‌ریشه است. ما هیچ‌گاه طرفدار توقف فعالیت‌ رسانه‌ها نیستیم؛ به شرطی که اصل بی‌طرفی را حفظ کنند و دقیق، بجا و همه‌جانبه اطلاع‌رسانی کنند.»

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