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شناسایی ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی در روده انسان

شناسایی ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی در روده انسان

محققان “موسسه ولکام سنگر” و “موسسه بیوانفورماتیک اروپا” در مطالعه اخیرشان بیش از ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی را که در روده انسان زندگی می‌کنند شناسایی کرده‌اند. به گزارش ایسنا و به نقل از تکنولوژی نتورکس، ویروس‌ها بیشترین موجودات بیولوژیکی روی کره زمین هستند. اکنون محققان موفق به شناسایی ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی در روده انسان

شناسایی ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی در روده انسان

محققان “موسسه ولکام سنگر” و “موسسه بیوانفورماتیک اروپا” در مطالعه اخیرشان بیش از ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی را که در روده انسان زندگی می‌کنند شناسایی کرده‌اند.

به گزارش ایسنا و به نقل از تکنولوژی نتورکس، ویروس‌ها بیشترین موجودات بیولوژیکی روی کره زمین هستند. اکنون محققان موفق به شناسایی ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی در روده انسان شده‌اند که بیش از نیمی از آنها تاکنون شناسایی نشده بودند. در این مقاله که در مجله ” Cell” منتشر شده است محققان به تجزیه و تحلیل بیش از ۲۸ هزار نمونه میکروبیوم روده که از مناطق مختلف جهان جمع آوری شده بود پرداختند.

تعداد و تنوع ویروس‌هایی که محققان شناسایی کردند به طرز شگفت آوری زیاد بود. این داده‌ها می‌تواند راهی برای درک بهتر چگونگی زندگی ویروس‌ها در روده انسان و تاثیر آن بر کل بدن به روی دانشمندان بگشاید.

روده انسان یک محیط بیولوژیکی جالبی است. علاوه بر باکتری‌ها، صدها هزار ویروس به نام باکتریوفاژها که می‌توانند باکتری‌ها را آلوده کنند نیز در آنجا زندگی می‌کنند.

در مطالعات پیشین محققان دریافته‌اند که عدم تعادل در میکروبیوم روده ما می‌تواند به بیماری‌ها و شرایط پیچیده مانند بیماری التهابی روده، آلرژی و چاقی منجر شود.

با استفاده از روش تعیین توالی دی.ان.ای به نام “متاژنومیکس”(metagenomics) محققان موسسه ولکام سنگر و موسسه بیوانفورماتیک اروپا موفق به شناسایی ۲۸ هزار و ۶۰ گونه ویروسی در متاژنوم روده انسان و ۲ هزار و ۸۹۸ ژنوم باکتریایی ایزوله کشت شده شدند و سپس آنها را فهرست بندی کردند. در تجزیه و تحلیل محققان آنها موفق به شناسایی بیش از ۱۴۰ هزار گونه ویروسی ساکن روده انسان شدند که پیش از این نیمی از آنها شناسایی نشده بودند.

در میان ۱۰ ها هزار ویروس کشف شده، یک گروه از ویروس‌ها که گمان می‌رود یک جد مشترک دارند شناسایی شدند و محققان از آن به عنوان” گوبافاژ”(Gubaphage) یاد کردند. پس از بررسی‌ها شخص شد که اینگونه از ویروس‌ها دومین ویروس شایع روده انسان(پس ازcrAssphage که در سال ۲۰۱۴ کشف شدند) هستند. به نظر می رسد هر دو این ویروس‌ها انواع مشابه باکتری‌های روده انسان را آلوده می‌کنند، اما بدون انجام تحقیقات بیشتر شناخت دقیق عملکرد گوبافاژ که اخیراً کشف شده دشوار است.

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