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محدودیت فروش آمریکا به هواوی تشدید شد

محدودیت فروش آمریکا به هواوی تشدید شد

دولت آمریکا هفته گذشته با تغییر مجوزهای شرکتهایی که اجازه فروش به شرکت هواوی تکنولوژیز را داشتند، امکان فروش قطعاتی که می‌توانند در دستگاه های ۵G مورد استفاده قرار گیرند را به این شرکت چینی محدودتر کرد. به گزارش ایسنا، این تغییرات می توانند قراردادهای فعلی با هواوی که تحت مجوزهای قبلی منعقد شده بودند

محدودیت فروش آمریکا به هواوی تشدید شد

دولت آمریکا هفته گذشته با تغییر مجوزهای شرکتهایی که اجازه فروش به شرکت هواوی تکنولوژیز را داشتند، امکان فروش قطعاتی که می‌توانند در دستگاه های ۵G مورد استفاده قرار گیرند را به این شرکت چینی محدودتر کرد.

به گزارش ایسنا، این تغییرات می توانند قراردادهای فعلی با هواوی که تحت مجوزهای قبلی منعقد شده بودند و اکنون تغییر پیدا کرده اند را برهم زند. این اقدامات نشان می دهد دولت بایدن سخت گیری در خصوص صادرات به هواوی که به دلیل نگرانیهای امنیت ملی آمریکا در لیست سیاه تجاری قرار گرفته است را شدت بخشیده است.

سخنگوی وزارت بازرگانی آمریکا در این باره اظهارنظر نکرد و اعلام کرد اطلاعات صدور مجوز محرمانه هستند. سخنگوی هواوی نیز در این باره اظهارنظر نکرد.

مجوزهای صادرات اولیه از سوی وزارت بازرگانی آمریکا پس از این که هواوی در سال ۲۰۱۹ در لیست سیاه تجاری این وزارتخانه قرار گرفت، صادر شده بودند اما شرایط جدیدی که هفته گذشته اعلام شدند مجوزهای قدیمی را با سیاستهای مجوزدهی سختگیرانه تری که در روزهای پایانی دولت ترامپ به اجرا گذاشته شده بودند، منطبق تر می کند.

طبق اسناد وزارت بازرگانی آمریکا که توسط رویترز مشاهده شد، دولت ترامپ در ژانویه تصمیم گرفت با ۱۱۶ درخواست مجوز فروش به هواوی به ارزش مجموع ۱۱۹ میلیارد دلار مخالفت کند و تنها چهار مجوز به ارزش ۲۰ میلیون دلار را تایید کرد. اکثر مجوزهای رد شده مربوط به سه بخش حافظه، گوشی و سایر دستگاهها و کاربردهای شبکه بودند.

دولت آمریکا در فاصله سال ۲۰۱۹ تا ۲۰۲۰ مجوزهایی برای شرکتها به منظور فروش کالاها و فناوری به ارزش ۸۷ میلیارد دلار به هواوی تصویب کرد. این مجوزها معمولا به مدت چهار سال قابل استفاده هستند.

محدودیت‌های جدید در خصوص این مجوزها به برخی از صادرکنندگان آمریکایی لطمه می زند. همچنین سطح تعامل میان شرکت‌ها را تغییر می‌دهد زیرا برخی از این مجوزها تحت سیاستهایی اعطا شده بودند که محدودیت کمتری داشتند.

طبق یکی از این مجوزهای بازبینی شده که توسط رویترز مشاهده شده است، اقلام نباید در هیچ کدام از دستگاههای ۵G مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. یک مجوز اصلاح شده دیگر که بعد از هشتم مارس اجرایی شده است، استفاده از قطعات آمریکایی در ارتش، ۵G، زیرساخت حساس، دیتاسنتر شرکتها کاربردهای ابری و فضایی را ممنوع کرده است.

طبق این اطلاعیه، برخی اقلام باید فشردگی ۶ گیگابایت یا کمتر و الزامات فنی دیگر را داشته باشند.

هر دو مجوز اصلاح شده می گویند پیش از صادرات، شرکت هواوی یا مشتریان باید یک برنامه کنترل قطعات را اجرا کرده و اطلاعات موجودی خود را در هنگام درخواست مجوز، در اختیار دولت آمریکا قرار دهند.

شرکتها بر سر نگرانیهای امنیت ملی و سیاست خارجی در لیست سیاه تجاری قرار می گیرند و درخواست مجوزهای فروش به آنها معمولا با مخالفت احتمالی روبرو می‌شود اما دولت ترامپ رویکرد متناقضی در خصوص هواوی داشت. هنگامی که به دنبال توافق تجاری بود، راه را برای فروش بیشتر به این شرکت می گشود اما هنگامی که تنشها سال گذشته بر سر شیوع ویروس کرونا و سیاست پکن در هنگ کنگ شدت گرفت، رویکرد سختگیرانه تری را در پیش گرفت.

بر اساس گزارش رویترز، سند ژانویه وزارت بازرگانی آمریکا نشان می دهد حدود ۳۰۰ درخواست مجوز به ارزش ۲۹۶ میلیارد دلار همچنان معلق مانده اند و معلوم نیست درباره چه تعداد از آنها تصمیم گرفته شده است.

کمیسیون ارتباطات فدرال آمریکا روز جمعه تحت قانون سال ۲۰۱۹ که هدف آن حمایت از شبکه‌های ارتباطی آمریکاست، پنج شرکت چینی را به عنوان تهدیدی برای امنیت ملی مشخص کرد.

کمیسیون ارتباطات فدرال اعلام کرد این شرکتها شامل هواوی، Corp ZTE، هایترا کامیونیکیشن، هانگژو هایک ویژن دیجیتال تکنولوژی و داهوا تکنولوژی هستند.

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