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۶ منطقه مریخ که پتانسیل گردشگری فضایی دارند!

۶ منطقه مریخ که پتانسیل گردشگری فضایی دارند!

مریخ یک سیاره عظیم و عجیب و دارای آتشفشان‌های بزرگ، دره‌های عمیق و دهانه‌هایی است که ممکن است میزبان حیات باشند و تمامی اینها مریخ را به یک مکان شگفت‌انگیز برای گردشگران آینده تبدیل کرده است. به گزارش ایسنا، در این خبر بنا بر این می‌گذاریم امکان گردشگری فضایی و سفر به مریخ برای انسان‌ها مهیا

۶ منطقه مریخ که پتانسیل گردشگری فضایی دارند!

مریخ یک سیاره عظیم و عجیب و دارای آتشفشان‌های بزرگ، دره‌های عمیق و دهانه‌هایی است که ممکن است میزبان حیات باشند و تمامی اینها مریخ را به یک مکان شگفت‌انگیز برای گردشگران آینده تبدیل کرده است.

به گزارش ایسنا، در این خبر بنا بر این می‌گذاریم امکان گردشگری فضایی و سفر به مریخ برای انسان‌ها مهیا شده است و قصد داریم ۶ مکان جذاب سیاره سرخ را که ممکن است مقصد گردشگران در آینده باشند معرفی کنیم.

 

۱. “کوه المپوس”

کوه المپوس (Olympus Mons) بزرگ‌ترین آتشفشان سامانه خورشیدی است که در سیاره سرخ و منطقه آتشفشانی “تارسیس” قرار دارد. ارتفاع آن ۲۵ کیلومتر (۱۶ مایل، تقریباً سه برابر کوه اورست) و قطرش ۶۰۰ کیلومتر (حدود ۳۷۰ مایل) است.

کوه المپوس یک آتشفشان فعال است. علت بزرگ بودن کوه المپوس و دیگر آتشفشان‌های مریخ، عدم حرکت پوستهٔ آن سیاره در مقایسه با پوستهٔ زمین دانسته می‌شود. حرکت کم صفحه‌های مریخ موجب می‌شود که مواد مذاب از جای ثابتی فوران کنند و به آرامی کوه‌های عظیمی را ایجاد نمایند.

 

۲. “آتشفشان‌های تارسیس”

در حالی که در حال کوهنوردی در اطراف کوه المپوس هستید، می‌توانید از آتشفشان‌های دیگر منطقه “تارسیس”(Tharsis) نیز دیدن به عمل آورید. بنا به گفته ناسا، تارسیس میزبان ۱۲ آتشفشان غول‌پیکر است.

تارسیس (Tharsis) یک فلات بسیار بزرگ آتشفشانی است که در منطقه نیمگان (استوا) سیاره مریخ و در پایانه غربی “دره‌وار مارینر”(Valles Marineris) واقع شده است.

در تصویر فوق، منطقه تارسیس شرقی که توسط فضاپیما “وایکینگ ۱”(Viking ۱) در سال ۱۹۸۰ ثبت شده قابل مشاهده است.

در سمت چپ، از بالا به پایین، می‌توانید سه آتشفشان سپری را که تقریباً ۱۶ مایل (۲۵ کیلومتر) ارتفاع دارند ببینید. نام این آتشفشان‌ها، “Ascraeus Mons”، “Pavoni Mons” و “Arsia Mons” نام دارند. در سمت راست بالا یک آتشفشان سپری دیگری به نام “Tharsis Tholus” وجود دارد.

آتشفشان سپری(Shield volcano) یکی از انواع آتشفشان است. از روی هم قرار گرفتن روانه‌های متوالی آتشفشان، ساختار مدور کم‌ارتفاعی شبیه سپر تشکیل می‌شود که قطر آن غالباً به چند ۱۰ کیلومتر می‌رسد که به آن آتشفشان سپری می‌گویند.

در این نوع آتشفشان، ماگما از یک نقطه خارج می‌شود و به صورت مخروط‌های پهنی که دارای شیب دامنه‌ای بسیار کم هستند، در سطح زمین ظاهر می‌شود.

 

۳. “دره‌وار مارینر”

“دره‌وار مارینر”(Valles Marineris) نام دره ژرف بسیار بزرگی بر سطح سیاره مریخ است. نام دره‌وار مارینر به مدارگرد “مارینر ۹ “(Mariner ۹) اشاره دارد.

مریخ نه تنها میزبان بزرگترین آتشفشان منظومه شمسی است بلکه دارای بزرگترین دره نیز است. به گفته ناسا، “دره‌وار مارینر” حدود ۱۸۵۰ مایل (۳۰۰۰ کیلومتر) طول دارد که می‌توان گفت تقریباً چهار برابر بزرگ‌تر از ژرف دره “گرند کَنیِن” (Grand Canyon) است.

پژوهشگران مطمئن نیستند که “دره‌وار مارینر” چگونه به وجود آمده است، اما نظریه‌های متعددی در مورد تشکیل آن وجود دارد. بسیاری از دانشمندان معتقدند هنگامی که شکل گرفتن منطقه تارسیس به ایجاد “دره‌وار مارینر” کمک کرده است.

گدازه‌ای که از میان منطقه آتشفشانی حرکت می‌کند، پوسته را به سمت بالا حرکت می‌دهد که این فشار موجب شکستگی پوسته در مناطق دیگر می‌شود.

با گذشت زمان، این شکستگی‌ها به “دره‌وار مارینر” را تشکیل داده است.

 

۴. قطب‌های شمال و جنوب

مریخ دارای دو منطقه یخی در قطب‌هایش است. با توجه به گفته ناسا، در طول زمستان، دما در نزدیکی هر دو قطب شمال و جنوب بسیار سرد است به طوری که حتی دی اکسید کربن به یخ تبدیل می‌شود.

این روند در تابستان تغییر می‌کند و دی اکسید کربن دوباره به جو تبدیل می‌شود. دی اکسید کربن به طور کامل در نیمکره شمالی ناپدید می‌شود اما برخی از یخ دی اکسید کربن در جو جنوبی باقی می‌ماند. تمام این حرکات یخ اثرات زیادی بر آب و هوای مریخ دارد و سبب ایجاد باد و سایر پدیده‌های جوی می‌شود.

 

۵. گودال گیل

گیل(gale) یک دهانه‌ای در نزدیکی بخش شمال غربی کوه “ائولیس” در مریخ است. کوه ائولیس، که با نام “کوه شارپ” نیز شناخته می‌شود، یک کوه در مریخ است که در مرکز گودال گیل سربرافراشته است. ارتفاع این کوه از کف گودال گیل بیش از ۵.۵ کیلومتر است.

در ۶ اوت ۲۰۱۲ کاوشگر کنجکاوی با موفقیت در این گودال فرود آمد. دلیل انتخاب این گودال برای فرود کاوشگر را وجود رسوباتی در آن اعلام کرده‌اند که بر اثر وجود آب زیاد شکل گرفته است و این موضوع همان چیزی است که به کنجکاوی اجازه می‌دهد تا شواهدی از وجود نخستین ذرات اساسی در حیات میکروبی را بیابد.

در گیل نشانه‌های زیادی از وجود آب در گذشته دیده می‌شود. در آنجا نمونه‌های متعددی از خاک رس و دیگر مواد معدنی مربوط به آب وجود دارد که کاوشگر کنجکاوی می‌تواند به مطالعه و بررسی آن بپردازد.

 

۶. “گودال مدوزا”

“گودال مدوزا”(Medusae Fossae) یکی از عجیب‌ترین مکان‌ها در مریخ است و برخی از افراد حتی حدس می‌زنند که شواهدی از برخورد یوفوها در آنجا وجود دارد. با گذشت زمان، بادها، سنگ‌ها را تبدیل به سازه‌های زیبا کرده است.

یک مطالعه در سال ۲۰۱۸ نشان داد که این گودال ممکن است از فوران‌های شدید آتشفشانی که طی ۵۰۰ میلیون سال گذشته، صدها بار رخ داده است، تشکیل شده باشد.

 

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