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باورهای غلط در مورد پروانه انتشار بازی‌های ویدیویی

باورهای غلط در مورد پروانه انتشار بازی‌های ویدیویی

باورهایی درباره انتشار بازی‌های ویدیویی از جمله اینکه برای اخذ پروانه انتشار باید هزینه پرداخت شود و یا اینکه هر به‌روزرسانی پروانه انتشار جداگانه می‌خواهد، باورهای غلطی است که بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای درباره آنها توضیح داده است. به گزارش ایسنا، زمانی که اطلاعیه مربوط به «پروانه انتشار» در سایت بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای منتشر

باورهای غلط در مورد پروانه انتشار بازی‌های ویدیویی

باورهایی درباره انتشار بازی‌های ویدیویی از جمله اینکه برای اخذ پروانه انتشار باید هزینه پرداخت شود و یا اینکه هر به‌روزرسانی پروانه انتشار جداگانه می‌خواهد، باورهای غلطی است که بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای درباره آنها توضیح داده است.

به گزارش ایسنا، زمانی که اطلاعیه مربوط به «پروانه انتشار» در سایت بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای منتشر شد، سوءبرداشت‌های مختلفی نسبت به آن صورت گرفت. از این رو هر چند در قسمت اول برنامه گیم میت به آن‌ها پاسخ داده شد، بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای، تصمیم گرفت در مورد برخی از این باورها پیرامون اخذ و صدور پروانه، توضیحاتی ارائه دهد که در این گزارش به آن اشاره شده است.

برای اخذ پروانه انتشار باید هزینه پرداخت کنید

بر این اساس، به هیچ عنوان نیاز به پرداخت هزینه نیست. صدور این پروانه‌ها برای بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای درآمد نخواهند داشت و قرار نیست از بازی‌سازها هزینه دریافت شود. یکی از بزرگ‌ترین باورهای غلط نسبت به این موضوع، بحث اخذ هزینه از سوی بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای است. علی‌رغم اینکه فرآیند مربوطه برای بنیاد هزینه‌زا است، اما هزینه‌ای از بازی‌سازها و شرکت‌های بازی‌سازی دریافت نخواهد شد.

هر به‌روزرسانی پروانه انتشار جداگانه می‌خواهد

اگر چنین موضوعی حقیقت داشت دردسر آن فقط شامل حال بازی‌سازان نمی‌شد. این باور هم یکی دیگر از باورهای اشتباه است. وقتی برای هر به‌روزرسانی لازم باشد چند مرحله داستانی و یا چند مکانیک جدید به بازی اضافه شود، اگر تغییری در رده‌بندی سنی بازی ایجاد نشود، شما می‌توانید برای بازی خود مثل همیشه و به هر تعداد لازم به‌روزرسانی منتشر کنید و هیچ محدودیتی وجود ندارد.

برای این که از تغییر رده‌بندی سنی مطمئن بشوید می‌توانید به بنیاد درخواست بررسی مجدد بدهید که خیال‌تان راحت باشد و یا اینکه خودتان طی یک فرم خوداظهاری اعلام کنید که با شناختی که از آئین‌نامه رده‌بندی دارید، تغییری در رده بندی سنی بازی ایجاد نشده است. البته اگر خلاف این موضوع مشخص شود، بازی باید مجددا بررسی شده و پروانه انتشار دریافت کند.

فقط بازی‌های ایرانی به مجوز نیاز دارند

برابر قانون ابلاغ‌شده به بنیاد، این مجوز برای تمامی بازی‌ها قرار است اعمال شود. فرقی نمی‌کند بازی‌ها ایرانی باشند یا خارجی. بازی خارجی اگر رایگان باشد، فقط کافی است که یک ناشر ایرانی برای آن درخواست پروانه انتشار بدهد، اگر هم غیررایگان باشد ناشر ایرانی باید برای دریافت پروانه انتشار، قرارداد خودش با سازنده بازی را ارائه کند. در حال حاضر هم خیلی از بازی‌های بزرگ خارجی توسط مارکت‌های بزرگ داخلی پروانه انتشار گرفته‌اند و سایر بازی‌ها نیز خواهند گرفت.

بنابراین همان مسیری که برای بازی‌های ایرانی در نظر گرفته شده، برای بازی‌های خارجی نیز وجود دارد. در مورد بازی ایرانی، اگر توسعه‌دهنده شخصا بخواهد پروانه انتشار بگیرد، حتی نیاز به مجوز نشر هم ندارد ولی اگر شخصی بخواهد بازی توسعه‌دهنده دیگری را منتشر کند، باید مجوز فعالیت نشر را دریافت کند.

قانونی که ابلاغ شده یک دستورالعمل داخلی است

همیشه جزئیات عمل و شیوه اجرا در دستورالعمل‌های داخلی تشریح می‌شود، اما دستورالعمل اگر مبتنی بر یک سند بالادستی نباشد، جای دفاع ندارد. دستورالعمل پروانه انتشار هم که توسط وزیر فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی ابلاغ شده، اولا یک دستورالعمل داخلی نیست، و در ثانی مبتنی‌بر وظایفی است که شورای عالی فضای مجازی به ریاست رئیس جمهور در سال ۱۳۹۴ بر عهده وزارت ارشاد گذاشته است، ضمن اینکه در اساس‌نامه بنیاد هم که توسط شورای‌عالی انقلاب فرهنگی تصویب شده، بر صدور این مجوزها تاکید جدی شده است.

هیچ کشوری مجوز انتشار در خصوص تولید بازی صادر نمی‌کند

در تیرماه ۱۳۹۸ مطالعه‌ای تطبیقی توسط معاونت پژوهش بنیاد با عنوان «مروری بر قوانین نظارتی کشورهای مختلف برای تولید، توزیع و مصرف بازی‌های دیجیتال» روی ترکیبی از کشورهای حاضر در مناطق جغرافیایی مختلف شامل خاورمیانه، آسیای شرقی، اروپا، استرالیا و آمریکا صورت گرفت. طی این تحقیقات مشخص شد که در بین ۱۱ کشور مورد مطالعه، بازی‌سازان کشورهای کره جنوبی، امارات متحده عربی و ایالات متحده آمریکا (در برخی از ایالت‌ها) باید اقدام به دریافت «مجوز فعالیت در حوزه بازی‌سازی» کنند.

در کشورهای چین و آلمان نیز بازی‌سازان باید قبل از انتشار نسبت به دریافت مجوز انتشار اقدام کنند که منظور همان «پروانه انتشار بازی» است. این فقط در مورد ۱۱ کشور است و طبعا بررسی سایر کشورها نتایج بیشتری را به ما نشان خواهد داد. رده‌بندی سنی نیز در ۱۰ کشور از این ۱۱ کشور اجباری است، جالب آن که فقط در مالزی رده‌بندی سنی اجباری نیست.

این قانون با اصل‏ ۴۶ قانون اساسی منافات دارد

اصل ۴۶ قانون اساسی می‌گوید هر کس‏ مالک‏ حاصل‏ کسب‏‌وکار مشروع‏ خویش‏ است‏ و هیچ‌کس‏ نمی‏‌تواند به‏ عنوان‏ مالکیت‏ نسبت‏ به‏ کسب‌وکار خود امکان‏ کسب‌‏و کار را از دیگری‏ سلب‏ کند. سوالی که به وجود می‌آید این است که مگر قانون گفته باید مالکیت بازی را به نام بنیاد یا وزارت ارشاد بزنید؟ یک مثال بزنیم، مطابق قانون شما مالک ملکی هستید که آن را ساخته‌اید، آیا وقتی از شهرداری جواز ساخت یا گواهی پایان کار ساختمانی می‌گیرید به این معنی است که ملک شما به شهرداری تلعق می‌گیرد؟ در ضمن وزارت ارشاد از باب «مالکیت بر کسب‌وکار» به موضوع ورود نکرده و از باب وظایف حمایتی و نظارتی که بر عهده‌اش گذاشته‌اند در حال پیگیری موضوع است.

چرا بنیاد سورس بازی را از بازی‌ساز می‌گیرد؟

بنیاد به هیچ وجه از گذشته تاکنون سورس بازی (به معنی مصطلح آن در بین توسعه‌دهنده‌ها) را نه اخذ و نه بررسی کرده است و بعد از این هم (مادامی که قانون جدیدی ابلاغ نشود) با سورس‌کدها هیچ کاری ندارد. بنیاد همان فایل اجرایی قابل نصب بازی (مثلا در بازی‌های اندرویدی، همان فایل apk) که روی مارکت منتشر می‌شود را بررسی می‌کند، آن هم از باب الزامات شورای رده‌بندی.

پروسه صدور پروانه انتشار، در تعطیلات رسمی متوقف می‌شود

بنیاد با مسئولیت خود ۱۵ روز کاری (تقریبا ۲۰ روز تقویمی) را در نظر گرفته است تا اگر بازی‌ساز درخواست خود را به شکل صحیح ثبت کرد، عرضه‌کنندگان (مارکت‌ها و سایت‌ها) بتوانند بازی را تا ۲۰ روز منتشر کنند و فرآیند رسیدگی به یک بازی بیش از این مدت نخواهد بود. هماهنگی لازم هم با مارکت‌ها صورت گرفته است و بنیاد با ارائه وب‌سرویس به مارکت‌ها امکان استعلام لحظه‌ای و برخط را می‌دهد.

مگر بازی یک محصول فرهنگی است که بر اساس قوانین وزارت ارشاد بررسی شود؟

بازی قطعا یک محصول فرهنگی است اما با وجود این، فارغ از اینکه بخواهیم وارد بحث فرهنگی بودن یا نبودن این محصول شویم، شورای عالی فضای مجازی مسئولیت صدور پروانه انتشار بازی را بر عهده وزارت ارشاد گذاشته و به فرهنگی بودن یا نبودن محصول در مصوبه اشاره نکرده، هرچند با توجه به اینکه صدور چنین مصوبات مهمی معمولا قریب یک‌سال کار کارشناسی دارد، به نظر می‌رسد این مهم در جلسات مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته و در نهایت به این مصوبه ختم شده وگرنه شورای عالی فضای مجازی وظیفه صدور پروانه انتشار بازی را به وزارت ارتباطات یا صنایع و امثال آن واگذار می‌کرد.

اگر اسم بازی فارسی نباشد، مجوز نمی‌گیرد

این موضوع یکی از مواردی است که قانون آن در سال ۷۵ در مجلس مصوب شده و اخیرا هم مشاور وزیر ارشاد در امور پاسداشت زبان فارسی دقت در اجرای آن را مجددا به بنیاد ملی بازی‌های رایانه‌ای یادآوری کرده است. بنیاد همواره در تمامی مراحل صدور پروانه و همین‌طور اسامی بازی‌ها تا جایی که بتواند در تسهیل فرآیند قدم برمی‌دارد.

بنیاد حتی در مواردی برای برخی بازی‌ها با وزارتخانه مکاتبه رسمی هم کرده است. بنابراین با اینکه استفاده از اسم فارسی قانون مصوب مجلس است، بنیاد هم تا حد زیادی با بازی‌سازها در چارچوب قانون همراهی می‌کند. اخیرا در همین مهرماه ۱۳۹۹ حتی وزیر محترم ارشاد گفته بودند فیلم‌های سینمایی هم باید نام فارسی داشته باشند، پس موضوع تصمیم بنیاد یا یک سلیقه خاص نیست.

پروسه مجوز، ۲ ماه زمان می‌برد

حداکثر زمان صدور مجوز هفت روز کاری است. بازی‌های بسیاری بوده‌اند که حتی در عرض یک روز کاری موفق به کسب مجوز شده‌اند. بنابراین آن‌طور که تصور می‌شود گرفتن مجوز سخت نیست، خصوصا که بسیاری از بازی‌ها برای رده‌بندی سنی از قبل توسط کارشناسان بنیاد بررسی شده‌اند و فقط کافی است بازی‌ساز برای آن‌ها درخواست ارائه کند. سعی می‌شود در راستای افزایش رضایت تولیدکننده و مصرف‌کننده، بازی‌هایی که پرطرفدار هستند با اولویت بالاتری بررسی ‌شوند.

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