تاریخ انتشار : شنبه 23 می 2026 - 20:03
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کد خبر : 209420

ایدز و مالاریا دیگر تنها نیستند: شیوع یک ابولای ناشناخته در قلب آفریقا

ایدز و مالاریا دیگر تنها نیستند: شیوع یک ابولای ناشناخته در قلب آفریقا

در حالی که جهان هنوز کاملاً از شر پاندمی کرونا خلاص نشده، یک تهدید قدیمی و وحشتناک دوباره سربرآورده است. سازمان جهانی بهداشت (WHO) در 17 می 2026، شیوع بیماری ابولا در جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو و اوگاندا را یک “وضعیت اضطراری بهداشت عمومی با نگرانی بین‌المللی” (PHEIC) اعلام کرد. این بالاترین سطح هشدار WHO است.

در حالی که جهان هنوز کاملاً از شر پاندمی کرونا خلاص نشده، یک تهدید قدیمی و وحشتناک دوباره سربرآورده است. سازمان جهانی بهداشت (WHO) در 17 می 2026، شیوع بیماری ابولا در جمهوری دموکراتیک کنگو و اوگاندا را یک “وضعیت اضطراری بهداشت عمومی با نگرانی بین‌المللی” (PHEIC) اعلام کرد. این بالاترین سطح هشدار WHO است.

این هفدهمین شیوع ابولا در تاریخ کنگو است، اما یک تفاوت مرگبار با بقیه دارد: این بار ویروس مقصر، گونه نادر “بوندیبوگیو” (Bundibugyo virus) است، نه گونه رایج و شناخته‌شده “زئیر”. ویروس زئیر که عامل بیشتر شیوع‌های قبلی بوده، حالا هم درمان تأیید شده دارد و هم واکسن پیشگیرانه مؤثر. اما برای ویروس بوندیبوگیو، نه درمانی وجود دارد و نه واکسنی! این دقیقاً همان چیزی است که این شیوع را به یک کابوس برای مقامات بهداشتی تبدیل کرده است.

طبق آخرین آمار تا 19 می، در مجموع 536 مورد مشکوک، 105 مورد محتمل، 34 مورد تأیید شده و 134 مورد مرگ مشکوک ثبت شده است. در اوگاندا هم دو بیمار تأیید شده در کامپالا شناسایی شده‌اند که یکی از آنها جان باخته است. سازمان پزشکان بدون مرز (MSF) می‌گوید که وسعت واقعی این شیوع احتمالاً بسیار بیشتر از این آمارهاست، چون کمبود شدید کیت‌های تشخیصی و گزارش‌دهی ناقص وجود دارد.

مرکز کنترل بیماری‌های آمریکا (CDC) هم سطح پاسخ خود را ارتقا داده است. دکتر جان جانسون، رهبر پزشکی واکنش به اپیدمی‌ها در MSF، توضیح می‌دهد که کار تیم‌های امدادی این بار به مراتب سخت‌تر از شیوع‌های قبلی است. در نبود واکسن و درمان اختصاصی، تنها کاری که می‌توانند انجام دهند، مدیریت علائم بیماران (مراقبت‌های حمایتی)، ایزوله کردن مبتلایان، ردیابی تماس‌های آنها و دفن ایمن و بهداشتی اجساد است. این دقیقاً همان پروتکل‌های اولیه و دشواری است که در شیوع مرگبار ابولا در غرب آفریقا در سال 2014 به کار گرفته می‌شد.

ویروس بوندیبوگیو اولین بار در سال 2007 در اوگاندا شناسایی شد، اما از آن زمان تاکنون شیوع بزرگی نداشته است. به همین دلیل، تحقیقات درباره آن بسیار محدود بوده و هیچ شرکت داروسازی بزرگی انگیزه تجاری برای ساخت واکسن یا داروی ضد آن نداشته است. حالا این غفلت تاریخی دارد گریبان جامعه جهانی را می‌گیرد. WHO و سایر شرکا اعلام کرده‌اند که تلاش‌ها برای تسریع توسعه واکسن و درمان‌های جدید علیه این گونه از ابولا را آغاز کرده‌اند.

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